(     ) means the period of time agreed between the parties during which the owner will make and keep the ship available for loading/discharging without payment additional to the freight.

Laytime shall commence upon expiration of 6 hours after receipt of this notice, or as the time upon the vessel's arrival in berth, whichever occurs first, or as otherwise specified in the Voyage Charter Party covering this voyage.

In consideration of your granting us delivery of the above-mentioned cargo which we declare have shipped to our consignment, but (     ) of which have not been received, we hereby engage to hand you the said (     ) as soon as we receive them and further guarantee to indemnity yourselves.

When transporting a solid bulk cargo which is liable to emit a toxic or flammable gas, or cause oxygen depletion in the cargo space, an appropriate instrument for measuring the concentration of gas or oxygen in the air shall be provided together with detailed instructions for its use.

It is mutually agreed that the above mentioned cargo was discharged in perfect condition without any damage to cargo at this port, except as noted in the attachment hereunder. Therefore vessel is not responsible for any dispute and consequences which may arise from cargo damage after completion of discharging.

(     ) means the introduction of inert gas into a tank which is already in an inert condition with the object of further reducing the oxygen content; and/or reducing the existing hydrocarbon or other flammable vapours content to a level below which combustion can not be supported if air is subsequently introduced into the tank.

The shipper shall provide the master or his representative with appropriate information on the cargo sufficiently in advance of loading to enable the precautions which may be necessary for proper stowage and safe carriage of the cargo to be put into effect.

The cargo information shall include :

- in the case of solid bulk cargo, information as required by section 4 of the (     ).

(     ) is a large heavy lifting structure found at container terminals employed to load/discharge containers to and from container vessels.

Ventilation is the provision of a supply of fresh untreated air through a space. (     ) ventilation occurs when changes in temperature or air density cause circulation in the space. (     ) ventilation uses fans for positive movement of large quantities of air.

ㄱ. Ensuring that the space is secure against ingress of injurious substances

ㄴ. Testing for presence of toxic gases and oxygen deficiency

ㄷ. Instructing personnel in the safe conduct of the operation

ㄹ. Providing inadequate safety equipment

The purpose of (     ) is to provide an air gap to the underside of the cargo. This allows ventilation around all sides of the cargo stow. This is again to effectively reduce the risk of sweat damage to cargo.

The natural angle between the cone slope and the horizontal plane when bulk cargo is emptied onto this plane in ideal conditions.

Dear sir,

    The claim concerns the short-landing of two cases of a total 150 cases of whiskey shipped in lighter aboard ship 101. Our tracers indicate that the cargo was not off-loaded at any of the vessel's port of call.

    Will you please check and advice us if the cargo was loaded in full at San Francisco?

    Upon receipt of your reply, we will conclude this matter here.

Yours truly,

A vessel which is provided with horizontal means of access and discharge for wheeled, tracked or mobile cargo.

ㄱ. Infectious Substances

ㄴ. Oxidizing Substances

ㄷ. Poisonous Substances

ㄹ. Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances

○ Subject to this Convention, ships of all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of (     ) passage through the territorial sea.

○ The coastal States shall not hamper the (     ) passage of foreign ships through the territorial sea except in accordance with this Convention.

A vertical guidance track which permits loading and discharge of containers in and out the ships holds, in a stable manner.

In 1997 a new annex was added to the MARPOL. The Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from ship (Annex VI) seek to minimize airborne (     ) from ships (SOx, NOx, ODS, VOC) and their contribution to local and global air pollution and environmental problems.

「International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code」 is a mandatory code for the carriage of dangerous goods at sea as adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee(MSC) of the International Maritime Organization.

Effective from 1 January 2004 this code is applicable to all ships to which the (     ) convention applies 「Resolution MSC. 122(75)」.